PITAGORA
1-Pythagoras of Samos (Approximately 582 B.C.) - 507 B.C. Founder of the Pythagorean school, whose beginning regian for the love to the wisdom, to the mathematics and music. He was a philosopher and mathematical Greek, famous especially for the Theorem of Pythagoras, which actuall belongs to the Pythagorean school and not only to the same Pythagoras. It was affirming that everything is mathematical, and it studied and classified the numbers. was born in Samos's island in 582 B.C. Being very young he travelled to Mesopotamia and Egypt. After returning to Samos, it finished hisstudies, according to Diógenes Laercio with Hermodamas de Samos and then it founded his first school during Polícrates's tyranny. Itleft Samos to escape of Polícrates's tyranny and was established in the Great Greece, in Crotona about 525 B.C., in the south of Italy, where it founded his second school.His school (though rigorously esoteric) it was opened for men and women indistinctly, and the discriminatory conduct was prohibited. Little is known of the childhood of Pythagoras. All the tracks of his physical aspect probably are fictitious except the description of a showy brandof birth that Pythagoras had in the thigh. It is probable that it had two brothers though some sources say that it had three.
EUCLIDES 
Euclid was a mathematician and Greek geometer, who lived about 300 B.C., ~ (325 B.C.) - (265 B.C.). He is known as " The Father of the Geometry ".His life is little known, except that it lived in Alexandria, Egypt. Some other slightly trustworthy information exists. Certain Arabic authors affirm that Euclid was a son of Naucrates and three hypotheses fight:
1 Euclid was a historical personage who wrote The Elements and other works attributed to him.
2 Euclid was the leader of an equipment of mathematicians who was employed at Alexandria. All of them helped to write Euclid's complete works, even signing the books with Euclid's name after his death.
3 Euclid's complete works were written by an equipment of mathematicians of Alexandria who took the name Euclid of the historical personage Euclid of Megara, who had lived approximately hundred years before.
Proclo, the last one of the big Greek philosophers, who lived about 450, wrote important commentaries on the book I of the Elements, the above mentioned commentaries they constitute a valuable source(fountain) of information about the history of the Greek mathematics. This way we know, for example, that Euclid assembled(brought together) Eudoxo's contributions in relation to the theory of the proportion and of Teeteto on the regular polyhedrons
ARQUIMEDES
Arquimedes of Syracuse (c. 287 B.C. - c. 212 B.C.) he was a Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, inventor and astronomer. Though there are known few details of his life, he is considered to be one of the most important scientists of the classic antiquityBetweenhis advances in physics they find his foundations in hydrostatics, statics and the explanation of the beginningof the lever. It is recognized for having designed innovative machines, including you arm of siege and Arquimedes's screw, which takes hisname. Modern experiments have proved affirmations of which Arquimedes designed machines capable of extracting enemy ships of the water and lighting fire using a series of mirrors. Generally, is considered Arquimedes one of the biggest mathematicians of the history, and the biggest of the antiquity. It used the method of depletion to calculate the area under the arch of a parable with the sumatoria of an infinite series, and gave an extremely precise approximation of the number . Arquimedes died during the site of Syracuse (214-212 B.C.), when itwas murdered by a Roman soldier, in spite of the orders of which it did not have to be damaged. Arquimedes was born in c. 287 B.C. in the maritime port of Syracuse (Sicily, Italy), that in that time was a colony of the Great Greece. The date of birth bases on an affirmation of the Byzantine historian John Tzetzes that Arquimedes who lived 75 years. Arquimedes died c. 212 B.C. during the Second Punic War, when the Roman forces of the General Marco Claudio Marcelo captured the city of Syracuse after a siege of two years of duration. The last words attributed to Arquimedes were " do not bother my circles ", in reference to the circles in the mathematical drawing that supposedly he was studying when the Roman soldier interrupted it. The phrase is mentioned often in Latin as " Noli will disturb(embarrass) circles meos ", but there is no evidence of which Arquimedes was declaring these words and they do not appear in Plutarco's statements.
RENE DESCARTES
René Descartes (The Haye in Touraine, current Discarded cards, on March 31, 1596 - Stockholm, on February 11, 1650) was a philosopher, mathematical and scientific Frenchman. He is considered to be the Pioneer of the Modern Philosophy and the creator of the notion of subject In 1935 decided in his honor to be call him "Discarded cards" to a lunar crater. René Descartes was born on March 31, 1596 in The Haye in Touraine, near Poitiers. From 1967 The Haye there is called Discarded cards in honor the philosopher, who was the third son of the jurist Joachim Descartes and of Jeanne Brochard. Though René was thinking that his mother died when h was born, the certain thing is that he died one year later, during the childbirth of a brother who did not survive either. After the death of his mother, him and his2 brothers they were educated by his grandmother, so his father, counselor of the Parliament of Brittany, it was staying away every 2 years for long seasons, and it ended up by leaving behind his children on having contracted new nuptials with an English maiden. At the age of 18, René Descartes entered to the University of Poitiers to study right and something of medicine.In September, 1649 the Queen Cristina of Sweden called Stockholm him There he died of a pneumonia on February 11, 1650. It expired 53 years after age.
Nowadays it is questioned if the reason of his death was the pneumonia. In 1980, the historian and medical German Eike Pies found in the University of Leiden a secret letter of the doctor of the court who attended to Discarded cards, the Dutch Johan Van Wullen, in that it was describing to the detail the agony .
ISAAC NEWTON
Sir Isaac Newton (January 4, 1643 NS - March 31, 1727 NS) was a physicist, philosopher, inventor, alchemist and mathematical Englishman(English), author of the Philosophiae naturalis begins mathematica, more acquaintances like them Begins, where it described the law of universal gravitation and established the bases of the Classic Mechanics by means of the laws that take his name. Between hisother scientific discoveries the works stand out on the nature of the light and the optics (that they present principally in Optics) and the development of the mathematical calculation. Newton was the first one in demonstrating that the natural laws that govern the movement in the Earth and that govern the movement of the heavenly bodies are the same. He is, often, qualified as the biggest scientist of all the times, and his work as the culmination of the scientific Revolution. It was born on December 25, 1642 (corresponding to January 4, 1643 of the new calendar) in Woolsthorpe, Lincolnshire, England; he was a son of two puritanical peasants, though it never managed to know hisfather, since he had died in October, 1642. When his mother returned to marry, it left it at the expense of his grandmother, with whom it lived up to the death of his stepfather in 1653.
Newton's laws The Newton's first law or law of the inertia " Any body will remain in his condition of rest or uniform and rectilinear movement unless it(he) is forced by forces printed to changing his condition " In this law, Newton affirms that a body on which they do not operate strange forces (or those who act are annulled between yes) will remain in rest or moving to constant speed.
The Newton's second law or law of the interaction and the force " The change of movement is proportional by force motively printed and it happens according to the straight line along which that force is stamped(printed) " This law explains the necessary conditions to modify the condition of movement or rest of a body.
Newton's third law or law of action-reaction " With all action happens always an equal and opposite reaction; the mutual actions of two bodies always are equal and directed in opposite senses " This law is reflected constant in the nature: the sensation of pain that one feels on having struck a table, since the table exercises a force on you with the same intensity; the impulse that a swimmer obtains on having exercised a force on the edge of the swimming pool, being the force that stimulates the reaction by force that he has exercised before... Last years of his life met darkened by the unfortunate controversy, important internationally, with Leibniz about the priority of the invention of the new analysis. Mutual accusations of plagiarism, secrets hidden in cryptograms, anonymous letters, unpublished agreements, affirmations often subjective of friends and supporters of both conflicting giants, manifest jealousies and efforts opened(deploied) by the conciliators to bring near to the adverse clans, only ended with Leibniz's death in 1716.
GALILEO GALILEI 
Galileo Galilei (Pisa, on February 15, 1564 [4] - Florence, on January 8, 1642 [1] [5]), was an astronomer, philosopher, mathematician and physicist that was related narrowly to the scientific revolution. Eminent man of the Renaissance, showed interest for almost all the sciences and arts (music, literature, painting). His achievements include the improvement of the telescope, great variety of astronomic observations, the first law of the movement and a determinant support for the copernicanismo. He has been considered to be the " father of the modern astronomy ", the " father of the modern physics " and the " father of the science ". His experimental work is considered to be complementary to Francis Bacon's writings in the establishment of the modern scientific method and his scientific career is complementary to that of Johannes Kepler. Galilean it was born in Pisa, Great Duchy of Toscana, on February 15, 1564. Major son of seven brothers, his father Vincenzo Galilei, born in Florence in 1520, was mathematical and musical, and was wishing that his son was studying medicine. His family concernedto the low nobility and the life was gained(earned) by the trade. Up to the age of ten years it was educated by hisparents. These changed to Florence, leaving the religious Jacobo Borghini, [1] neighbor at the expense of Galilean. By means of this one, he acceded to the convent of Vallombrosa's Santa Maria in Florence where it received a religious formation
BLAISE PASCAL
Blaise Pascal (Clermont-Ferrand, Auvergne, France, on June 19, 1623 - Paris, on August 19, 1662) was a mathematician, physicist, philosopher and French theologian, considered the father of the computers together with Charles Babbage. He was a child prodigy educated by his father, a local judge.
Pascal was a mathematician of the first order. It helped to create two big areas of investigationwrote important agreements on geometry proyectiva at the age of sixteen, and later it crossed correspondence with Pierre de Fermat on theory of the probability, influencing strongly the development of the modern economic and social sciences. Continuing with the work of Galileo and of Torricelli, in 1646 it refuted the theories aristotélicas that were insisting that the nature detests the emptiness, and his results caused big discussions before being generally accepted. Blaise Pascal was born in Clermont-Ferrand, June 19, 1623, in the French region of Auvergne. It lost his mother, Antoinette Begon, the age of three years. His father, Étienne Pascal (1588 - 1651), was local judge, president of the court of taxes of Montferrand and member of the small nobility, who was interested also in the science and in the mathematics. Blaise Pascal had two sisters, the menor of the three, Jacqueline, and Gilberte, the major one. The latter, Gilberte Périer, wrote a biography on his brother, of great historical value in spite of his subjective character. Itdescribed him during this phase of his life as " a man of the world between ascetics, and an ascetic between man of the world. " The asceticism of his way of life was deriving from a belief from that was natural and necessary in the man the suffering. In 1659, Pascal, which health had never been good, fell down seriously sick. For his last years it tried to reject often the indications of his doctors saying that " the disease is the natural condition of the Christian.
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